Overview
This section covers the DREIDING Force Field as it is implemented into the towhee_ff_DREIDING file in the ForceFields directory.
All of the Towhee atom types for this force field are listed, along with a short description of their meanings.
Note that this is a Lennard-Jones force field and is easily combined with other similar force fields.
The classical_potential is 'Lennard-Jones' for the this force field and the suggested mixing rules are 'Geometric',
although 'Lorentz-Berthelot' is also enabled.
Any discrepencies (especially typos) from the published force field values are the sole responsibility of Marcus Martin,
and we welcome feedback on how this implementation compares with other programs.
References for DREIDING
The parameters implemented here are from Tables I, II, and III of the primary DREIDING paper.
The special hydrogen bonding interactions are not implememted and therefore the atom type 'H___HB' is not included.
DREIDING in Towhee
The official force field name for DREIDING in Towhee is 'DREIDING'. Here is a list of the atom names for use in the towhee_input file,
along with a brief description taken from the DREIDING literature. DREIDING uses a five-character label to describe every element.
The first two letters are the chemical symbol (appended with an underscore for single letter elements). The third character describes the geometry
of the molecule as follows.
- 1: linear
- 2: trigonal
- R: resonant
- 3: tetrahedral
The fourth and fifth characters are there to help distinguish between otherwise similar atoms (for example, the charge state of metals and
special characters for certain atoms). Towhee follows the DREDING naming convension. Please note that the atom type 'H__HB' is omitted from
this implementation as we did not wish to deal with the special hydrogen bonding interactions that have subsequently fallen out of favor with
most force field developers. The element names are generally obvious (given the rules above), but a notes are added to some potentially confusing
elements, and to the united-atom options. Please note that the capitalization and spacing pattern is important and must be followed exactly
as listed here.
- All Atom
- 'H_'
- 'H_b': hydrogen bridging between two boron atoms
- 'B_3'
- 'B_2'
- 'C_3'
- 'C_R'
- 'C_2'
- 'C_1'
- 'N_3'
- 'N_R'
- 'N_2'
- 'N_1'
- 'O_3'
- 'O_R'
- 'O_2'
- 'O_1'
- 'F_'
- 'Na_+'
- 'Al3'
- 'Si3'
- 'P_3'
- 'S_3'
- 'Cl'
- 'Ca_+2'
- 'Fe_+2'
- 'Zn_+2'
- 'Ga3'
- 'Ge3'
- 'As3'
- 'Se3'
- 'Br'
- 'In3'
- 'Sn3'
- 'Sb3'
- 'Te3'
- 'I_'
- United Atom lumping of Hydrogens onto Carbon
- 'C_R1'aromatic carbon plus one bonded hydrogen
- 'C_34'sp3 carbon plus four bonded hydrogen (methane).
- 'C_33'sp3 carbon plus three bonded hydrogen (methyl group).
- 'C_32'sp3 carbon plus two bonded hydrogen (methylene group).
- 'C_31'sp3 carbon plus one bonded hydrogen (methine group).
Coulombic interactions
The DREIDING paper suggests that the user either ignore charges completely, or assign them using the method of
Gasteiger and Marsili 1980. Unfortunately, this method is not currently available in Towhee
Improper torsions
DREIDING uses an improper torsion (called an inversion in their paper) on any atom (I) that is bonded to exactly three other atoms (J,K, and L)
and also has a planar geometry (sp2 or resonant central atoms). The improper considers the angle each of the vectors (IJ, IK or IL)
makes with a plane described by the other substituants. For example, the angle between the IJ vector and the IKL plane.
Automatic assignment of improper torsion types is implemented for this force field.
Return to the Towhee Capabilities web page
|